باسم ربك الذي خلق اقرأ خلق اإلنسان من علق اقرأ وربك األكرم الذي علم بالقلم علم اإلنسان ما مل يعلم )سورة العلق/اآليات 5-1(

باسم ربك الذي خلق اقرأ خلق اإلنسان من علق اقرأ وربك األكرم الذي علم بالقلم علم اإلنسان ما مل يعلم )سورة العلق/اآليات 5-1(

العدد/ 41 مجلة كلية التربية األساسية للعلوم التربوية واإلنسانية / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 2018 م مجلة كلية التربية األساسية للعلوم التربوية واإلنسانية مجلة محكمة تصدر عن كلية التربية األساسية / جامعة بابل / العدد/ 41 الجزء األول كانون أول 2018 م AIF 2018 التصنيف الدولي: 2304-3717 ISSN print ISSN online 2312-8003 الموقع على االنترنيت: http://becm-iq.org/ رقم اإليداع في دار الكتب والوثائق / بغداد 1309 2009 م لسنة البحوث محاور المجلة اللغوية واإلنسانية. هيئة التحرير.1 علم النفس التربوي وط ارئق التدريس 1. أ.د. قيس حاتم هاني الجنابي رئيس التحرير الع ارق.2 2. أ.م.د. البحوث االجتماعية. زينة غني عبد الحسين مدير التحرير الع ارق.3 خبير اللغة العربية أ.د. سعد حسن عليوي خبير اللغة اإلنكليزية أ.م. محسن عبد الحسن عضوا عضوا عضوا عضوا السعودية الهند مصر اليابان 3. أ.د. فهد مطلق العتيبي 4. أ.د. جي ان خاكي 5. أ.د. محمود عمر سليم 6. أ د. سمير عبد الحميد إب ارهيم نوح عضوا تونس 7. أ.د. مصباح الشيباني مشرق محمد مجول عضوا الع ارق 8. أ.د. ميسون علي جواد التميمي عضوا الع ارق 9. أ.د. أ.م.د. عامر عجاج حميد مقرر الهيئة الع ارق.10 تنضيد وطباعة: لمياء ميري صالح وانفال عبد الكريم حسابات: سعد نايف تدقيق: ابتهال جابر Email: mcbe_babylon@yahoo.com

العدد/ 41 مجلة كلية التربية األساسية للعلوم التربوية واإلنسانية / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 2018 م الهيئة االستشارية االسم ت اللقب العلمي مكان العمل رئيس جامعة بابل إنكلت ار/ جامعة نورث هامتون ايطاليا/ جامعة ترينتو مصر/ جامعة الزقازيق لبنان/ الجامعة اللبنانية المركز الجهوي لمهن التربية والتكوين بوجدة/ المغرب مصر/ رئيس قسم بحوث األ ارضي والمياه/ القاهرة جامعة بغداد/ كلية اآلداب جامعة بغداد/ كلية التربية - ابن رشد جامعة بابل/ كلية التربية األساسية جامعة بغداد/ كلية التربية - ابن رشد جامعة بابل/ كلية التربية األساسية 1. د. عادل هادي البغدادي 2. د. جون ستوبورت 3. د. ماركو دي دوناتو 4. د. أرفت غنيمي حفني الشيخ 5. د. محمد محسن حر 6. د. بلخير هانم 7. د. عطية الجيار 8. د. جواد مطر رحمة الموسوي 9. د. سعد علي ازير 10. د. محمد ضايع حسون 11. د. مشتاق عباس معن 12. د. محمد شاكر ناصر الربيعي قسيمة اشتراك اسم المشترك:... العنوان:... سعر المجلة داخل الع ارق: 20.000 دينار ع ارقي سعر المجلة خارج الع ارق: 25.000 دوالر أمريكي ترسل االشت اركات إلى: الع ارق/جامعة بابل كلية التربية األساسية/سكرتارية مجلة الكلية كلية التربية األساسية Email: mcbe_babylon@yahoo.com

العدد/ 41 مجلة كلية التربية األساسية للعلوم التربوية واإلنسانية / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 2018 م شروط النشر.1.2 أن يكون البحث في مجلة كلية التربية األساسية للعلوم التربوية واإلنسانية/ جامعة بابل: أكاديميا وتتوافر فيه شروط البحث العلمي المعتمد على األصول العلمية والمنهجية المتعارف عليها في كتابة البحوث األكاديمية. أن ال تزيد صفحات البحث عن )25( صفحة مطبوعة بحجم الخط 14 Simplified Arabic للعربية وخط Times New Roman لإلنكليزية..3.4.5.6.7.8.9.11.11 عنوان البحث يكتب واسم واإلنكليزية وبشكل واضح. الباحث ومكان عمله والملخص والكلمات المفتاحية ونوع الخط المستخدم العربية باللغتين ي فضل أن تكون الجداول واألشكال مدرجة في أماكنها الصحيحة وأن تشمل العناوين والبيانات اإليضاحية الضرورية وي ارعى أال تتجاوز أبعاد األشكال والجداول حجم الصفحة ) 11 سم(. أن يكون البحث ملتزما بدقة التوثيق وحسن استخدام المصادر والم ارجع وتثبيت هوامش البحث وم ارجعه في نهاية البحث على النحو اآلتي: المصادر: ي ثبت المصدر بذكر: اسم المؤلف كامل ثم عنوان الكتاب ثم اسم المحقق أو المترجم ان وجد ثم رقم الطبعة إن وجدت ثم اسم المطبعة ثم مكان الطبع ثم سنة الطبع ثم الجزء ان وجد ثم الصفحة. عند استخدام الدوريات )المجالت( بوصفها م ارجع للبحث: عنوان المقالة ثم اإلصدار ثم رقم الصفحات. تدرج الهوامش بشكل آلي. اسم المجلة وتحته خط ثم رقم المجلد أال يكون البحث قد سبق نشره أو ق دم للنشر في أي جهة أخرى. ي ذكر: ان وجد ثم اسم صاحب المقالة كامل رقم العدد ثم تحتفظ المجلة بحقها في إخ ارج البحث واب ارز عناوينه بما يتناسب وأسلوبها في النشر. تاريخ ترسل البحوث على عنوان المجلة: جامعة بابل/ كلية التربية األساسية/ مجلة الكلية أو إلى ايميل المجلة:.mcbe_babylon@yahoo.com أجور النشر لمرتبة المدرس فما دون دينار ع ارقي ولمرتبة األستاذ 41111 دينار ع ارقي ولمرتبة األستاذ المساعد 61111 75111 دينار ع ارقي ولغير الع ارقيين 111 دوالر أمريكي. 12. يدفع الباحث مبلغ 1111 ألف دينار عن كل صفحة اضافية تزيد عن 25 صفحة. 13. للمجلة أو من تخوله حقوق الطبع والنشر الورقي وااللكترون. Email: mcbe_babylon@yahoo.com

العدد/ 41 مجلة كلیة التربیة الا ساسیة للعلوم التربویة والا نسانیة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 2018 م المحتويات الجزء األول 24-1 39-25 47-40 64-48 76-65 86-77 95-87 102-96 113-103 127-114 142-128 159-143 165-160 176-166 185-177 194-186 202-195 209-203 218-210 233-219 251-234 263-251 276-264 284-277 تصورات معلمي ومعلمات العلوم للمرحلة االبتدائية والمتوسطة والثانوية نحو التعلم عن طريق مدخل STEM في محافظة عفيف الجواهري ومكافحة الصهيونية العالمية بين فاجعتي النكبة والنكسة صوت الهمزة عند القدماء والمحد ثين واقع الطالب والطالبات ذوي االحتياجات الخاصة في الجامعات الحكومية السودانية من وجهة نظر زمالئهم العاديين... فاعلية برنامج مقترح لتنمية اإلبداع للحد من السلوك العدواني لدى المراهقين الص ور الفن ية وآلي ات ها في قصيدة الخيول للش اعر أمل دنقل أريج عبد العزيز العتيبي صادق فتحي دهكردي يدهللا ماليري ناصر قاسمي عبد الرسول إلهايي شوشة محمد رضا مكي بابكر سعيد ديوا هالل محمد الحارثي محم د علی آذرشب محم د حسن فؤاديان محمود مسلمي Hoorieh Abdollahi Hossein Moftakhari حمزة إسحاق زيتوني رامي الخلف العبدهللا غالم عباس رضايي هفتاد ر إدريس عبدهللا زاده Amir Mohammed Albloly Mohammed Abdu أيمن مصطفى طه سلطان Hoorieh Abdollahi Hossein Moftakhari This article is sponsored by the Iran National science Foundation (INSF) - The Process of Accepting Islam in the Khasam Tribe موقف الوالية الثانية من اجتماع عقداء الداخل ودورها في اجتماع عقداء العشر تطوير كتب تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في ضوء تقنية الواقع الحقل الداللي للتقديم والتأخير في القرآن الكريم بين الجرجاني والزمخشري المفعول به نموذجا The Incorporation of Social Network As Teaching & Learning Electronic Portfolio تخريجات النحاة الفلسفية لما خالف أقيستهم من الشواهد الشعرية This article is sponsored by the Iran National science Foundation (INSF) - A look at the geographical location of the Khasam tribe Early Islam مذهب االنسجام والتورية عند شرف الدين االنصاری فنيات التصوير الرمزي في الشعر الصوفي مساهمة اإليرانيين في ازدهار الصناعة المعجمي ة في اللغة العربية )القاموس المحيط للفيروزآبادي نموذجا ) النوازل العقدية وخطرها )العلمانية أنموذجا( البنية اإليقاعية الخارجية لموشح»اللوم للالحي«البن سهل اإلسرائيلي أسلوب الترغيب والترهيب مع أهل الكتاب في سورتي البقرة وآل عمران أثر استخدام تطبيق الويكي )Wiki( في تدريس مادة الحاسب اآللي على التحصيل الدراسي لدى طالب الصف الثالث متوسط درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس الثانوية في محافظة اريحا واالغوار لإلدارة بالتجوال وعالقتها بالثقة التنظيمية لدى معلميهم النحو الجديد بين إبراهيم مصطفی وشوقي ضيف تحليل ومقارنة مقارنة منهجية بين "اإلضافة" في العربية والفارسية المرأة ودورها االجتماعي والتربوي في أشعار نزار قباني رمضان رضائی يدهللا رفيعی پری ناز علی اكبری زينة قرفة علي سعيداوي جمال طالبي قرهقشالقي علي عدالوي علی گنجيان خناری مجيد صالح بك رجاء ابو علی حميد رضا جمعدار فرزانه باللي بنادري رضوان جمال األطرش نجوى نايف فهد سالم سعيد الرباعي عصام الدين عزمي كمال مخامرة محمد ابراهيم خليفه الشوشتري محمد رضا غفاري محمد ابراهيم خليفه الشوشتري محمد رضا غفاري عزت مالابراهيمی أحمد دقيق شيرازی أ

العدد/ 41 مجلة كلیة التربیة الا ساسیة للعلوم التربویة والا نسانیة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 2018 م 294-285 322-295 331-323 933-332 359-340 369-360 385-370 396-386 412-397 425-413 439-426 467-440 474-468 486-475 494-487 508-495 547-509 558-548 569-559 583-570 602-584 617-603 633-618 648-634 657-649 Rsool Behnam Mohammad Ali Ziaei خالد غازي الدلبحي محمد دزفولي محمود مسلمی علي سعيداوي جمال طالبي قره قشالقي A Study of the Effect of European Literature From Persian Literature فعالية برنامج تدريبي لتنمية الذكاء الوجداني وأثره على زيادة بعض مهارات التواصل اللغوي لدى األطفال المصابين باضطراب طيف... دراسة رمزية لصورة الض بع وسرب الغزال في قصيدة مصر للشاعر تميم البرغوثي دراسة في ترجمة كتاب "عيسى ابن اإلنسان" لثروت عكاشه الذكاء الخ لقي لدى الموهوبين والعاديين من طلبة المدارس في محافظة عجلون وعالقته ببعض المتغيرات والتحصيل المدرسي قراءة في المراحل التأسيسية للمشروع اليهودي الصهيوني دراسة مقارنة للمشكالت التعليمية لألقليات اإلسالمية في بعض الدول االوربية إدمان االنترنت وعالقته ببعض االضطرابات النفسية لدى تالميذ التعليم الثانوي التربية والمناهج ودورهم في التغي ير االجتماعي والثقافي درجة كفاءة أعضاء هيئة التدريس المهنية في كليات المجتمع بجامعة شقراء من وجهة نظر الطالب الضغوط الحياتية وعالقتها باإلخفاق المعرفي لدى طلبة السنة التحضيرية في جامعة القصيم تطوير أداء أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالمعهد العالي لألمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر بجامعة أم القرى في ضوء االلتزام بأخالقيات مهنة Ethical-educational teachings Sanai in HadighatulHaqiqah Study of the relationship between education and artistic education With postmodernism The Use of Rewards to Motivate Learners السلوك الديني وعالقته بمهارات التواصل مع االخرين لدى العاملين في المؤسسات الحكومية السودانية بناء برنامج تدريبي مستند إلى نظرية الوعي الصوتي وقياس فاعليته في تنمية مهارات التحليل السمعي للطلبة ذوي صعوبات التآزر الحركي التطوري اللفظي Verbal Dyspraxia دراسة الدالتونية )عمى األلوان( وأسباب ظهورها في قصص صادق هدايت ومصطفى لطفي المنفلوطي الرضا الوظيفي وعالقته بتطوير أداء المعلمين في مدارس لواء بني كنانة دور اإلعالم التربوي في طرح قضايا اإلدارة التعليمية من وجهة نظر الخبراء التربويين واإلعالميين بمنطقة الرياض بالمملكة العربية السعودية مستقبل جامعة شقراء وفق»رؤية المملكة 2030«تصور مقترح مسألة االضطهاد الديني في مصر عصر سالطين المماليك واقع أم خرافة أثر دمج مهارات التفكير الناقد في مقرر الفيزياء على التحصيل وبقاء أثر التعلم لدى طالب الصف الثاني الثانوي عمالة األطفال دراسة مقارنة بين الفقه اإلسالمي والقانون Human Rights And Human Dignity In Nahj al- فيصل عيسى عبد القادر النواصره جبر اله ل ول رضا عبد البديع السيد مصطفى منصوري مختار بوفرة الرشيد حبوب محمد الحسين بانقا طه الزبير حسين إبراهيم عثمان حسن عثمان محمد بن حارب الشريف فاطمة سحاب الرشيدي عمر بن حسن الراشدي Naser Farnia Rasool behnam SoheilaShojazadeh Rasool behnam Amani khalid Albalawi ام كلثوم احمد محمد محمد أحمد سليم خصاونة محمد عبد ربة الخوالدة حسان علي عبدهللا بني حمد علی اصغر جوادی محمد علی مهری فراهانی جمشيد رضايی محمد إسعاف فياض شتيات بانقا طه الزبير حسين عادل محمد دفع هللا أبو ادريس عياد صالح عياد الجليدي الحربي هيفاء يوسف الفوزان أحمد عبد الرازق عبد العزيز محمد محمد عبدهللا ظافر الغامدي غرم هللا بركات مجاجي فاطمة Abolfazl Rahmani ب

العدد/ 41 مجلة كلیة التربیة الا ساسیة للعلوم التربویة والا نسانیة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 2018 م 664-658 677-665 711-678 726-712 739-727 754-740 778-755 791-779 798-792 813-799 Mohammad Hassan Javadi Seyyed Mehdi Qureishi العرابي محمد هناء خالد الرقاد وصفي أحمد كريم الصوالحة Balaghah Abolfazl Rahmani (correspond author) الوطن والوطنية بين الشعر الشعبي والفصيح األمن النفسي وعالقته بالمرونة المعرفية لدى طلبة الصف العاشر بمحافظة البلقاء فاعلية استخدام التقويم التكويني في تحسين مستوى التحصيل الدراسي لمقرر مهارات التفكير والبحث العلمي لدى طالب كلية إدارة األعمال االختيار الزواجي لدى طلبة جامعة األغواط )الجزائر( ضوابط لفهم عقيدة اإليمان بالقضاء والقدر في ضوء القرآن والس ن ة تحديات تعليم الكبار في ظل العولمة الثقافية وس بل مواجهتها دراسة مسألة الشك فى رباعيات عمر الخيام وقصيدة الطالسم إليليا ابوماضي منهج ابن مالك في كتابه "إيجاز التعريف في علم التصريف" دراسة وصفية دراسة الفقر في ديوان عبد الوهاب البياتي الذكاء االجتماعي وعالقته بالتكيف األكاديمي لدى ذوي صعوبات التعلم في ضوء بعض المتغيرات عيسى بن فرج العزيزي بن السايح مسعودة محمد إدريس ميرغني خلف هللا محمد ناصر علي الرياشي حامد صدقي علی اصغر جوادي محمد علي معدلي جمشيد رضايي أسامة خضر بن عوف پروانه داشاب عبد األحد غيبي مسعود باوان پوري منيره سالم العدوان ت

العدد/ 41 مجلة كلية التربية األساسية للعلوم التربوية واإلنسانية / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 2018 م This article is sponsored by the Iran National science Foundation (INSF) A look at the geographical location of the Khasam tribe Early Islam Preparation: HooriehAbdollahi Researcher of post- doctoral with support of (INSF) Prof.Dr. Hossein Moftakhari Professor and Faculty Member of the History Department of Kharazmi University Iran Responsible for the post-doctoral هذه المقالة برعاية )INSF( نظرة على الموقع الجغ ارفي لقبيلة خثعم في صدر اإلسالم الباحثة. حوريه عبدالهی باحثه فی مرحلة ما بعد الدکتو اره بدعم من مؤسسة العلوم الوطنية اإلي ارنية (INSF) األستاذ الدكتور حسين مفتخری مسؤول عن د ارسة ما بعد الدكتو اره/ قسم التاريخ/ جامعة خوارزمی/ إي ارن habdollahik@yahoo.com 87 الملخص الجغ ارفيا هي معرفة العالقة والتبعية بين العوامل البيئية التي تؤثر على حياة السكان في كل منطقة ألن اإلنسان هو ظاهرة جغ ارفية والموقع الجغ ارفي هو عامل مؤثر على البلدان كما أنها الخطوة األولى في تحديد تاريخ كل قبيلة ألن كل قبيلة لها موقعها الجغ ارفي المحدد والهوية التاريخية والعرقية والثقافية للقبائل ال تتحقق إال من خالل الد ارسة الجغ ارفية لتلك القبيلة ويمكننا من خالل هذه الد ارسة أن نفهم الوضع السابق والوضع السياسي واالقتصادي للقبائل وفي نفس المجال اليمن هي إحدى المناطق التي تقع في جنوب غرب شبه الجزيرة العربية حيث تعيش العديد من القبائل هناك وكانت إحدى القبائل التي تعيش في اليمن القبيلة خثعم والوضع الجغ ارفي عزز الز ارعة والتجارة في هذه القبيلة بعد هدم سد مأرب في اليمن هاجرت القبيلة إلى ناحية س ارت في اليمن وأهم المدن في مكان إقامتهم هي: تباله بيشه جرش ووادی شری. وفي هذه المدن كان هناك األسواق التي أثرت على الحياة السياسية واالقتصادية واالجتماعية للقبيلة الخثعم تحاول هذه المقالة استخدام المصادر التاريخية لوصف الموقع الجغ ارفي لقبيلة خثعم فی صدر اإلسالم. الكلمات المفتاحية: الجغ ارفيا االقتصاد اليمن قبيلة خثعم الطقس. Abstract: Geography is the knowledge of the relationship and dependence between environmental factors that affects the lives of the residents of each area because man is a geographical phenomenon and the geographical location is as influential factor on land and it is also the first step in identifying the history of each tribe because every tribe has its own specific geographic location and the greatness of the historical and cultural tribe is obtained with its geographical study and with this study can be realized somewhat to the past and the political and economic situation of that tribe In the meantime, Yemen is one of the areas that is located in the southwest of the Arabian peninsula that many tribes were living there one of the tribes, called "Khasam" and the specific climate and natural position led to the income Of the tribe provided through agriculture and trade and commerce So that destroyed the dam of" Marab" and began the migration of this tribe and they settled in the "Serat" of Yemen Cities like: "Tebaleh," "Bisheh", "Jarash" and "Vady Shora" and there were various markets in the life of this tribe and these markets was influential on political, economic and social life of this tribe In this article we used from numerous historical sources in Arabic and Persian to express the geographic of" Khasam" tribe. Key Words: Geography, economics, Yemen, Khasam tribe, climate.

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م From here begins the philosophy of geography because human is geographic phenomenon and understanding of these facts is not possible except through the study of historical. 1 Historians study geography to better understand the dimensions of social past life of man because life of the tribe has occurred in particular place and different. Geography can study the exact location of tribal life and events and the impact of man and environment on each other in the past time so geography research helps to better understand the history 2 and life of the tribes. In different courses, the role of environmental factors in the fate of the tribes has been different. Geographic factors affect the climate; the location of each tribe in terms of road traffic and vice versa and the tribal politics is in its geography. 3 This article examines using multiple sources of tribal settlements and the impact of the geographical location on the economic life of "Khasam" tribe. 1) Divisions of the Arabian Peninsula: The Arab tribes, whose origins and mainland are the Arabian Peninsula, are one of the most famous relatives of the Sami race, and the "Samiyan" are one of the great and well-known tribes that have been divided into multiple tribes. 1 The Arabian Peninsula is the first "Samiyan" origin and is considered to be the largest peninsula in the Southwest Asia. Since the recognition of geography is important for a better understanding of tribes and historical events, it is about introducing the origin of the Arab tribes and the geographic location of the "khasam" tribe. Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula is divided into three parts: 1) North and West or Hejaz (Saudi Arabia or "Al-Arabiya" "al-hajerieh" or " al-sakhrieh"), which is also half Sinai Island and the territory of the "Nebtian" and covers East Egypt, south and southwest of the Almighty, and the lucky north and west of Saudi Arabia. And the cities of Mecca, Medina," Taef", "Yanboo" and "Jaddeh" are also in this area and this is a mountainous area with vast deserts. 2) The center and east of the Arabian Desert ("Al-Arabiya" or "al-sahrawiyeh") is a vast desert located between Iraq and the south, known as" Badia al-sham", which includes the land of Najd, the vast deserts of Al-Khali, which lack rain and prosperity. 3) The south or Yemen, which is believed to have died in Arabia ("Al-Arabiya"or " al-sa'idah"). This part of Saudi Arabia, which is the largest part of the trio, covers all areas of the Arabian Peninsula, and is about to begin near the present Suez city. 4) This area, passing south of Saudi Arabia to" Pesakous" in the "Ahvar" area, has been the most venerable point of the Arabian Peninsula, so that the effects of its brilliant civilizations are known to this day and since the origin of the "khasam" tribe was the land of Yemen It will be followed by a description of its geography. 2 2) Geography of the Yemeni Land: The land of Yemen is located in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula, and in fact Yemen is located in the south of Hejaz and Najd, and is between Oman and "Najran", which passes through the sea until it arrives in "Adan" and "Shahar", then it passes through Oman, and in "Beynooneh" is cut off and flows from the Maghreb to the Red Sea, and the Yemen dynasty breaks from the north to the south to the side of the sea and leads to the formation of lush valleys, and lies between the heights of Yemen and the valleys of that plateau. It extends from "Dahna" to "Yamameh", and it is said to this plateau" Ghayet", and the "Sahid' is in the middle of this plateau, which is locally between "Marab" and 1) Shoorche, Mahmoud, Geographic Schools From the Beginning to Now. 2) Hakim, Mohammad Taqi Khan, Treasure of Knowledge of Historical Geography Earth,p5 3) Dorojeh, Moorise, Political Sociology, Translation: Abolfazl Shariatpanahi,p 36. 1) Ghorgi Zeidan, Al-Arab, before Al-Islam, the researcher of Hossein Mounes,P 40-44 2) Jawad, Ali, Al-Mofassal lfi-arab history before-islam,p163. 88

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م "Hazaremaut", which is abundant in water, rain and air. It is due to the proliferation of agricultural life in Yemen, and this is the source of the plurality of the population and of residential areas and disputes. 3 It is an evergreen land called "Khazra" and its main products are: "Varas","Leban", and "Bengal", and its famous mines is opal Stone and its most important cities are as follows: 1 "Bakeel": A bunch of islands in Yemen has a certain kind of toxic tree protected by the inhabitants of that city and they killed the tree from the tooth the tree of kings of "Banishoja" and their ministers. 2 "Harath:" The vast land in Yemen has many gardens, from which" Zooharath Hemyary " Which was a famous celebrity of Yemen has come from this area. 3 "Zermar": "Zemar" was one of the cities of Yemen whose inhabitants believed that the Queen "Belqis's" flat, which had six pillars of marble, was there. 4 Saba: The name of a city near Sana'a, which "Saba ibn Sha'b ibn Qah'atan" was built, was a good and fruitful city and referred to in the Qur'an. 5 "Soloogh": An old city with a lot of historical and ancient remains, and in the ruins of that city there are gold and silver fabrics and expensive armor. 6 "Hazaremaut": "Hazaremaut" consists of two cities of "Shabam" and Trim in the east of the Gulf of Aden and from its very old towns. It is located in the" Hazaremaut" of the Palace of "Moshid", which God has mentioned in the Qur'an in verse 45 of Hajj sura that its ruler is "sahd ebn 'aad" of the wrongdoers. Through the divine blessing of Allah, he destroyed his people and his people with a heavily thunderbolt, and this palace was left unused and ruined. In one of the cities of "Hazaremaut", a well was called the "Barahoot", its water was black and unused. 7 Another famous city of" Hazaremaut" has been attributed to the creation of the "Kendeh" and "Kendeh ebn afir al hareth" made it and he was one of boys of " Zeyd ebn Kahlān". 8 Another nearby town to "Hazaremaut" is "Shahar", and they also say this city " Mohreh "and the camels of this area were famous. 9 "Hazaremaut's" famous market is located in the "Hazaremaut" area, its located in an area between Oman and Yemen, and was formed during the 15th-30th month of "Zelghadeh", and the main products of this palm market was palm because a large part of the area covered with palm tree. 1 "Zefar": "Zefar" is a coastal city near Sana'a, the capital of the hemyarian, and is one of the most important products of the gum, called the leban. 2 3) Hamdani, Hassan ibn Ahmad ibn Ya'qub, Sefate Jazirat al arab, Research : Mohammed ibn ali-alakva -Al-Hawali's,p166. 1) Qazvini, Zakariya ibn Muhammad, Al-Balad Works and News of Al-Abad, translated by Mirza Jahangir Qajar, p144. 2) The same source 3) The same source 4) Qazvini, Zakariya ibn Muhammad, Al-Balad Works and News of Al-Abad, translated by Mirza Jahangir Qajar, p82. 5) Holy Quran, Sura Sabā, verse 15, 6) Qazvini, Zakariya ibn Muhammad, Al-Balad Works and News of Al-Abad, translated by Mirza Jahangir Qajar, p88. 7) 35)Monajjem, Ishaq ibn Hussein, Akam al-marjan Fei Zakr al-madaen al-mashhur,p53. 8) Brusawi, Muhammad ibn Ali, Owzah al-masalek,, Researcher: Mahdi Abdul-Ravazieh, p555. 9)) Qazvini, Zakariya ibn Muhammad, Al-Balad Works and News of Al-Abad, translated by Mirza Jahangir Qajar, p108. 1) Aphghani, Sa'id ibn Muhammad bin Ahmad, Asvagh Al- arab,p275. 89

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م The city of "Sadeh" in the north of Sana is a mountainous city. The old name of this city is "Jema". In this city, gardens and crops such as coffee," al-nileh", and many beans were found, and most of them were farmers. 3 "Sana": Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, is a mountainous city with a temperate climate, which is one of the wonders of Yemen in the city, is castel of "Ghamdan". 4 One of the monument villages around the Sana' has opal mines. 5 The famous Sana market was located in the area of "Asemeh" which ranged from 15 to 30 "Ramazan", in which popular types of goods such as cotton, saffron, dairy products and Yamani wares were bought and sold, and other merchants Territories, including Iran, came to this market. 6 "Najran": One of the famous cities of Yemen and on the way to "Mecca", and this city is made by "Najran ebn Zidan ben Saba ben Yashhab", it is narrated from the Prophet that the" Najran" is reserved for the king. 7 Among the districts of southern Arabia, "Najran" is one of the major centers of Christianity It was known as "Ka'ba Najran" due to the existence of the church. "Ka'ba Najran" was founded by a person called "Abdulmedan ben al-rian al-harathi", similar to Mecca, and the scholars of "Nisrara" were present. 8 The city of "Najran" was considered to be the largest and most important political and religious center of Yemen, and the "Najran" Christians created a certain political and religious hierarchy in this city. 9 In addition to the idolatry that worshiped amongst the majority of the tribal members of "Khasam", it was widely believed that there was a belief in Christianity among the people of this tribe, too, for the attention of the "Deir Najran" or "Ka'ba Najran" in this tribe. 11 "Marab:" "Ma'rab" is the residence of the people of Saba, whose story is mentioned in the Quran 16 sura al- Sabā, and the famous palaces of "Selhin" (Palace of Soleyman's wife Belgique's palace), "castel al- Hajr" and "Qasr al-qashib" were also in this land and one of the most important mines of precious agate. 1 In the south of the city are the mountains of" Serat", which stretches to the northeast. This land is not dirty, and in the rainy season there were many floods; therefore, people were thinking about building a barrier to agriculture, and a large dam they built a historic baroque in the mountainous gorge of "Marab" they constructed a large historic dam in the Swamp Strait of "Balgh" 2. Due to the mistreatment and disdain of the people of that city, this historical dam was destroyed by the flood of "al-eram", and many of its inhabitants were killed and the rest were forced to leave. 3 3) Economic geography: 2) Brusawi, Muhammad ibn Ali, Owzah al-masalek,, Researcher: Mahdi Abdul-Ravazieh, p461. 3))Razi, Ahmad bin Abdullah, History of Medina Sanaa, Researcher: Omari Hussein bin Abdullah. 4) Monajjem, Ishaq ibn Hussein, Akam al-marjan Fei Zakr al-madaen al-mashhur,p45. 5) Ibn Rasteh, Ahmad bin Omar, al-'alagh al-nafiseh,p108-109. 6) Yaghoobi, Ahmad bin Aby Yaghoub, History of Yaghoubi, translation of Ebrahim Ayati, Cultural Publishers,vol 1,p270. 7) Qazvini, Zakariya ibn Muhammad, Al-Balad Works and News of Al-Abad, translated by Mirza Jahangir Qajar, p178. 8) The same source,p178. 9) Zargarinejad, Gholam Hossein, History of Sadr-e Islam,p53-54. 10) Hemavi, Shahabuddin Abu Abdullah, Yaqut bin Abdullah, Mojam al-boladan,vol5,p267. 1) Ibn Haek, Hassan ibn Ahmad, Al-eklil, researcher: Muhammad ibn ali al-alakva al-hawali,vol8,p76. 2) Bi azar Shirazi, Abdolkarim, Archeology and Historical Geography of the Quran,p332. 3) Holy Quran, Sura Sabā, verse16. 9

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م The land of Yemen benefited greatly from the exploitation of the best land, high rainfall and mountains with valuable mines, geographical location, the entry of merchandise from other lands and land connection from Yemen to lunch, as mentioned in the Holy Qur'an. 4 Agriculture in this area was more prosperous than other parts of Saudi Arabia: Yemeni good weather, severe monsoon rains and good water resources due to flood damping and dam construction, the most famous of which was the "Marab" barrier, to agriculture And agricultural production boomed, and the agricultural boom led to the inhabitants of the people, the formation of cities and the rise of great civilization. Crop products such as corn, wheat, sugar cane and grapes would boost the area than other parts of the peninsula. 5 Aside from agricultural products, Yemen has its own specialty products: perfume, fragrances, spices, and all kinds of fats from this category amber and gum can also be considered as the main source of Yemen's income in the era of ignorance, 6 which is more this product, was made on the edge of the" Adan" coast and adjoining areas. 7 In addition to Yemen's agriculture and agriculture, it was known for its leather and leather industry and its coloring. Most of the work was done in cities such as "Sana", "Najran", "Jerash" and Sade. 8 The textile industry was another Yemeni industry, including textiles that were thinner and better than linen, which they said, in addition to "Sharob", the Yamani ward, as well as the "Sa'idieh" fabric," Masnad mohajjareh", "Sahoola" and "Jerrib" linen, carpet of "Sade", was woven in" Sana" 9 and was one of Yemen's most important textiles other commercial products include: "Sana" agate, leather tablecloth, jar and potatoes "Chondro", "varas of Adan", and Sugarcane. 1 Another important aspect of the Yemeni land was the presence of pure and pure gold mines, including two important mines of" Ashm" and" Zankan" in the villages of Yemen. 2 In addition to the gold mine, the iron mines in "Adan" and "Sada" increased the Yemeni economy's economic potential and made the Yemen mine iron sword and the Yamani blade made of this iron was very good. 3 Another Yemeni economic potential was the pearl catch in the wake of "Adan" and the harbor many pearls were famous. 4 4) Immigration of the" Khasam" tribe from southern Yemen to "Sarat": The capital of the state of Saba was "Marab" and "Marab" was beautiful and commercial city and Which was located in the east of the city of" Sarvah" near Sana'a and there were numerous tribes, one of which was the" Khafam" tribe which would do farming and commerce after the demolition of the dam of "Marab" 5, the" Khasam" tribe emigrated to "Serat", because "Marab" was destroyed and had lost its greatness past. 6 4) Holy Quran, Sura Sabā, verse17-18. 5) Al-Ala, Saleh Ahmad, the ancient Arabs at the Astana Be'sat, translated by: Hadi Ansari,p31. 6) Hemavi, Shahabuddin Abu Abdullah, Yaqut bin Abdullah, Mojam al-boladan,vol 3,p227. 7) Moghaddasi, Ahsan al-takhassim,vol 1,p137. 8) Ibn Khordadbeh, Obeid Allah, Al-Masael and Al Mamalek,p133. 9) Moghaddasi, Ahsan al-takhassim,vol 1,p138. 1) Salem, Abdul Aziz, Arabic History Before Islam, Translator: Bagher Sadri Nia,p69-70 2) Al-Akva al-hawali, Muhammad ibn Ali, Al Yemen al-khazra -Mahd al-hezareh,vol 7,p109 3) Hafez Abro, Geography of Hafez Abro,vol1, p228. 4)) Anonymous writer, Hodood Al Alam,p172. 5) Holy Quran, Sura Sabā, verse16-17. 6) Hemavi, Shahabuddin Abu Abdullah, Yaqut bin Abdullah, Mojam al-boladan,vol 5,p36. 9

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م The largest immigration of the "Khasam" tribe was to the Yemeni "Serat" which has been the mountainous area 7 after settling the tribe in the "Sarat" area, they faced many problems and most of the problems were war and disagreement with other tribes. 8 Famous "Khasam" tribe cities in "Serat" region: "Tabaleh" was one of the cities that where the "Khasam" tribe and this city was important in several ways: It was on the way to the Yemeni Hajjis 9 and it was commercial and on the other hand, the city was on a hillside and green and fertile 11, on the other hand, the city had a special religious 11 location, because it was the place where was kept the well-known idol of "Zhul khalseh ". "Bisheh" : This city was one of the most important commercial and agricultural centers in the "Serat" city of Yemen, and there were many tribesmen, including the members of the "Khasam" tribe 12. Jerash: Jerash was the place that the Khasam tribes were lived there and it was a commercial city with a variety of industries, such as leather production, military industries, construction of tools such as cranes and construction of reservoirs. 13 5)The economic geography of the" Khasam" tribe: Most of the Yemeni people were businessmen 1 and had business relations with other people like: Egypt, Iran and India. The Yemeni markets had different names, and they were formed for specific purposes on specific days and in different regions, the most important seasonal markets in the place where the" Khasam" tribe lived were as follows: "Oman market": This market was made from the fifteenth day of "Ramazan", and it was on the shores of the Yemeni sea and there was traded a variety of products as: mineral products including Amber 2. "Hebasheh Market": This market was formed in the first days of the month of "Rajab" and was located in the district of "Tahameh", where all sorts of goods were traded 3 and the market that sent "Khadijeh" "Prophet Muhammad" with his servant to trade 4. "Souq Al Shahar": "Shahar" is a market name on the southern coast between "Adan" and "Oman", which was held on the fifteenth month of Sha'ban, and on that market was traded the pharmaceutical herbs. 5 "Adan market": The market was set up in the south of the "Bab Al mandab Strait", and it was ten days long, in which things were traded like Pearls and Yamani. 6 "Sanaa market" : 7) The same source,p204-205. 8) Ghalaghashandi, Ahmad ibn Ali, Sobh al-aashi Faye Sana'a-Ensha, Research: Mohammad Hussein Shamsuddin, vol1,p329-330. 9) Hemavi, Shahabuddin Abu Abdullah, Yaqut bin Abdullah, Mojam al-boladan, vol2,p9. 10) Ibn Khordadbeh, Obeid Allah, Al-Masael and Al Mamalek,p134. 11) Kalbi, Abulmanzar Hisham ibn Mohammad, Al-Asnam (Tonkis al-asnam), Research by Ahmad Zaki Pasha,p34. 12) Hemavi, Shahabuddin Abu Abdullah, Yaqut bin Abdullah, Mojam al-boladan,,p529. 13) The same source,vol2,p126. 1), Lubon, Gustavo, History of Islam and Arab Civilization, translated by Seyyed Hashem Hosseini p40and Taghizadeh, Hassan, Arabic history of Arabia, by Azizullah Alizadeh,p40-41. 2) Aphghani, Sa'id ibn Muhammad bin Ahmad, Asvagh Al- arab,p252. 3) Tabari, Abu Ja'far Mohammed ibn Jarir, History of Al-Omam and Al-Muluk, Research: Abolfazl Ebrahim,vol2,p282. 4) Al-Harethi, Nasser ibn Ali, Al-Asar al-islamiyeh Fi Al Mecca,p74-78. 5) Yaghoobi, Ahmad bin Aby Yaghoub, History of Yaghoubi, translation of Ebrahim Ayati,vol1,p270. 6) The same source. 9

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م This bazaar was built in Ramadan for 15 days, and the goods were cotton, saffron and vegetable materials for dyeing. 7 "Souq Hazaremaut": This market was formed in the month of "Zell-Qadeh", and it was between Oman and Yemen, and the most important product of the market was the date because a significant part of this area was the palm tree. 8 "Okaz market": This market was the most important and influential market among the Arabs and this market was set up in fifteenth until the thirtieth of ZelQadeh near Hajj and the majority of the tribes took part in this market, and in addition to the commodity trade, the market was an opportunity for the exchange of ideas and literary competition among the Arab this market had a special rating because it was the largest cultural center among the Arab tribes in the pre-islamic era and all poets of tribes including the Khasam tribe participated in this market. 9 "Almajenneh market:" This market was the second largest Arab market, and it was formed in the late of" ZelQadeh", The Prophet used this market to invite Islam because it was near the city of Mecca. 1 "Zel majaz market" This was the third largest market for Arab tribes and all Hajjis and merchants of the Arab were in this market. 2 6)Administrative divisions in Yemen Administrative divisions was the name of the old administrative division in Yemen and it has been used so much in the historical geography of Yemen it means the village and its chairman was "Gheel" who was the king in that area and was hereditary 3, In Yemen, before Islam, there were two great administrative divisions Pre-Islamic era: Large divisions and small divisions, the divisions of the "Khasam" tribe were among the great part after the adoption of Islam, the Prophet appointed representatives in each of the sections to deal with their religious, tax and administrative matters. 4 Result: Geography is the knowledge of the relationships of environmental factors and various forms of life. Geographic factors such as the climate and the path to the highway or in the isolation of the region affect on the lives of the inhabitants of tribe. This article tried to use multiple sources to reveal the towns and cities, and the formation of important seasonal markets and the impact of geographical location on the economic life of the "Khasam" tribe. Based on what was said it turned out that the natural conditions were divided Saudi of Arabia into several different parts and Yemen was one of these sectors that had enough water because it was near the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean and it was a fertile rain that had plagued the land there and this land was the site of many tribes, including the "Khasam" tribe. The "Khasm" tribe had suitable climate and adequate water and dynamic farming, and the ways of communication and trade, and the formation of important seasonal markets, so the economy of this tribe was capable and self-sufficient, therefore geography had a great influence on the political, economic and social life of this tribe, which they had the strength and the power so it can be said that the policies of governments are hidden in their geography. 7) Yaghoobi, Ahmad bin Aby Yaghoub, History of Yaghoubi, translation of Ebrahim Ayati,vol1,p270. 8) Aphghani, Sa'id ibn Muhammad bin Ahmad, Asvagh Al- arab,p275 9) The same source,p286. 1) Ibn Habib, Abu Ja'far Mohammad ibn Habib al-hashimi al-qurashi, al-mehber,p264-267. 2) Yaghoobi, Ahmad bin Aby Yaghoub, History of Yaghoubi, translation of Ebrahim Ayati,vol1,p270. 3) Karami, Mohammad ibn Ahmad, Ahsan al-taghasim, translation by Ali Naghi Monzavi,vol1,p127. Al-Akva, Ghazi Ismail ibn Ali, Makhalif Yemeni. ( 4 9

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م References: 1) The Holy Quran 2) Aphghani, Sa'id ibn Muhammad bin Ahmad, Asvagh Al- arab, Beirut:DarAl fekr, 1938 3) Al-Akva, Ghazi Ismail ibn Ali, Makhalif Yemeni, Sana'a, 2009 4) Al-Akva al-hawali, Muhammad ibn Ali, Al Yemen al-khazra -Mahd al-hezareh, Yemen: Al-Jeel al-jadid, 1402 AH 5) Al-Ala, Saleh Ahmad, the ancient Arabs at the Astana Be'sat, translated by: Hadi Ansari, Tehran: International Publishing Company,1384 6) Al-Harethi, Nasser ibn Ali, Al-Asar al-islamiyeh Fi Al Mecca, 1430 AH 7) Anonymous writer, Hodood Al Alam, Cairo: Dar Al-Sakqiya, 1423 AH 8) Bi azar Shirazi, Abdolkarim, Archeology and Historical Geography of the Quran, Tehran: Islamic Culture Publishing House, 1380 9) Blazari, Ahmad bin Yahya, Ansab al-ashraf, Research: Soheil Zarkar and Riyaz Zarekely, Beirut: Daralfekar, 1996 10) Brusawi, Muhammad ibn Ali, Owzah al-masalek,, Researcher: Mahdi Abdul-Ravazieh, Beirut : Dar Al-Qarb Al-Islami, 1427 AH 11) Dorojeh, Moorise, Political Sociology, Translation: Abolfazl Shariatpanahi, Tehran: Tehran University Press, 1367 12) Ghalghashandi,Ahmad Ibn Ali,Sobh Al Asha Fi Sanat Al-Ensha, researcher: Mohammad Hussein Shamsuddin, Beirut : Dar Al Kotob Elmieh,1407AH. 13) Ghazvini, Zakariya ibn Muhammad, Al-Balad Works and News of Al-Abad, translated by Mirza Jahangir Qajar, Tehran: Amir Kabbir Publication, 1373. 14) Gorgi Zeidan, Al-Arab, before Al-Islam, the researcher of Hossein Mounes, Egypt: Dar al-haleal, No date. 15) Hafez Abro, Geography of Hafez Abro, Tehran: The Legacy of Writing, 1375. 16) Hakim, Mohammad Taqi Khan, Treasure of Knowledge of Historical Geography, Tehran: Zarrin Publishing, 1366 17) Hemavi, Shahabuddin Abu Abdullah, Yaqut bin Abdullah, Mojam al-boladan, Beirut: Darsader, 1995 18) Hamdani, Hassan ibn Ahmad ibn Ya'qub, Sefat Jazirat Al arab, Research : Mohammed ibn ali- Alakva -Al-Hawali's Baghdad: Darul Shooun, 1989 19) Ibn Habib, Abu Ja'far Mohammad ibn Habib al-hashimi al-qurashi, al-mohber, Beirut: Manshoorat Maktab Al tejari,no date. 20) Ibn Haek, Hassan ibn Ahmad, Al-eklil, researcher: Muhammad ibn ali al-alakva al-hawali, Sana'a: Ministry of culture, No date. 21) Ibn Hooghel, Mohammed ibn Hooghel, Soorat-Al-arz, Beirut: Darsader, 1938 22) Ibn Khordadbeh, Obeid Allah, Al-Masalek and Al Mamalek,No date,nopublisher. 23) Ibn Rasteh, Ahmad bin Omar, al-'alagh al-nafiseh, Beirut: Darsader, 1892 24) Jawad, Ali, Al-Mofassal lfi-arab history before-islām, Baghdad: Maktah al-nehzeh, 1976 25) Kalbi, Abulmanzar Hisham ibn Mohammad, Al-Asnam (Tonkis al-asnam), Research by Ahmad Zaki Pasha, Cairo: offset Printing, Tehran: New Publishing, 1364 26) Karami, Mohammad ibn Ahmad, Ahsan al-taghasim, translation by Ali Naghi Monzavi, Tehran: Authors Company And translators,1361 27) Lubon, Gustavo, History of Islam and Arab Civilization, translated by Seyyed Hashem Hosseini, Tehran: Islamieh Publication, 1358. 28) Moghaddasi, Ahsan al-takhassim, Tehran: Translators Co, 1361 29) Monajjem, Ishaq ibn Hussein, Akam al-marjan Fei Zakr al-madaen al-mashhur, Beirut: Alam Al Kotob, 1408 AH 9

العدد/ 14 مجلة كل ة الترب ة األساس ة للعلوم التربو ة واإلنسان ة / جامعة بابل كانون أول/ 0248 م 30) Montazeral-Qaem, Asghar, The Role of Yemeni Tribes in Support of Ahlul-Bayt (as), Qom: Boostan Book, 1380 31) Razi, Ahmad bin Abdullah, History of Medina Sanaa, Researcher: Omari Hussein bin Abdullah, Beirut: Dar al fekr, 1409 AH 32) Salem, Abdul Aziz, Arabic History Before Islam, Translator: Bagher Sadri Nia, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company,1383 33) Shoorche, Mahmoud, Geographic Schools From the Beginning to Now, Tehran: Parham's Publications, 1396 34) Tabari, Abu Ja'far Mohammed ibn Jarir, History of Al-Omam and Al-Muluk, Research: Abolfazl Ebrahim, Beirut: Daraltrath, 1967 35) Taghizadeh, Hassan, Arabic history of Arabia, by Azizullah Alizadeh, Tehran: Ferdows, 1379 36) Yaghoobi, Ahmed bin Ishaq,A l-boladan, Researcher: Mohammad Amin Zahnawi, Beirut: Dar al- Kotob Al-Elmieh, 1422 37) Yaghoobi, Ahmad bin Aby Yaghoub, History of Yaghoubi, translation of Ebrahim Ayati, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishers,1371 38) Zargarinejad, Gholam Hossein, History of Sadr-e Islam, Tehran:Samt Publication, 1383. 9