SAHIH AL-BUKHARI (صحيح البخاري) VOLUME III BOOK # 50 AGREEMENTS كتاب الم كات ب Translated and Explained, By SHAIKH MIR ASEDULLAH QUADRI Sahih Iman Publication i
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Table of Contents... 1 (كتاب الم كات ب) 1. BOOK 50 AGREEMENTS iii
ب سم هللا الرحمن الرحيم الحمد هلل رب العالمين والصالة والسالم على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين BOOK # 50 AGREEMENTS كتاب الم كات ب (A slave who bounds himself to pay a certain amount to his master for his freedom, by seeking in writing of an agreement of emancipation.) CHAPTER (-) باب إ ث م م ن ق ذ ف م م ل وك ه ال م ك ات ب The sin of one who falsely accuses his slave of illegal sexual intercourse. There is no Hadith in this chapter. CHAPTER (1) ال م ك ات ب و ن ج وم ه ف ي ك ل س ن ة ن ج م The agreement and the payment of his price by yearly installment. و ق و ل ه : }و ال ذ ين ي ب ت غ ون ال ك ت اب م م ا م ل ك ت أ ي م ان ك م ف ك ات ب وه م إ ن ع ل م ت م ف يه م خ ي ر ا و آت وه م م ن م ال للا ال ذ ي آت اك م { And the statement of Allah - [As for those of your slaves who wish to buy out their liberty, execute the 1
deed of liberty with them if you find them deserving, and give them some of the wealth which Allah has given you.] (An-Noor-33) و ق ال ر و ح ع ن اب ن ج ر ي ج ق ل ت ل ع ط اء أ و اج ب ع ل ي إ ذ ا ع ل م ت ل ه م اال أ ن أ ك ات ب ه ق ال م ا أ ر اه إ ال و اج ب ا Narrated Ibn Juraij: I asked 'Ata', "will it be necessary for me to give a slave the writing of emancipation if I come to know that such a slave has money or property? 'Ata' replied, I consider it obligatory. و ق ال ه ع م ر و ب ن د ين ار ق ل ت ل ع ط اء أ ت أ ث ر ه ع ن أ ح د ق ال ال ث م أ خ ب ر ن ي أ ن م وس ى ب ن أ ن س أ خ ب ر ه أ ن س ير ين س أ ل أ ن س ا ال م ك ات ب ة و ك ان ك ث ير ال م ال ف أ ب ى ف ان ط ل ق إ ل ى ع م ر ر ض ي للا ع ن ه ف ق ال ك ات ب ه. ف أ ب ى ف ض ر ب ه ب الد ر ة و ي ت ل و ع م ر : }ف ك ات ب وه م.إ ن ع ل م ت م ف يه م خ ي ر ا{ ف ك ات ب ه 'Amr bin Dinar asked 'Ata', have you a proof (narration) for your verdict? He replied in the negative and added that رضئ ہللا ( Anas Musa bin Anas told him that Sirin sought from a writing of emancipation, and Sirin was a rich (تعالی عنہ slave, but Anas ہللا تعالی عنہ) (رضئ refused to grant him his desire. Sirin went to 'Umar ہللا تعالی عنہ),(رضئ who ordered ف ك ات ب وه م إ ن recited with his lash and (رضئ ہللا تعالی عنہ) Anas [Give them such writing, if you find that there is ع ل م ت م ف يه م خ ي ر ا رضئ ہللا ( Anas good and honesty in them] (An-Noor - 33). him. then wrote an agreement of emancipation for (تعالی عنہ Sahih Bukhari, Vol 3, Bk 50, Hadith # 1 و ق ال الل ي ث ح د ث ن ي ي ون س ع ن اب ن ش ه اب ق ال ع ر و ة ق ال ت ع ائ ش ة رضى ہللا عنها إ ن ب ر ير ة د خ ل ت ع ل ي ه ا ت س ت ع ين ه ا ف ي ك ت اب ت ه ا و ع ل ي ه ا خ م س ة أ و اق ن ج م ت ع ل ي ه ا ف ي خ م س س ن ين ف ق ال ت ل ه ا ع ائ ش ة و ن ف س ت ف يه ا أ ر أ ي ت إ ن ع د د ت ل ه م ع د ة و اح د ة أ ي ب يع ك أ ه ل ك ف أ ع ت ق ك ف ي ك ون و ال ؤ ك ل ي ف ذ ه ب ت ب ر ير ة إ ل ى أ ه ل ه ا ف ع ر ض ت ذ ل ك ع ل ي ه م ف ق ال وا ال إ ال أ ن ي ك ون ل ن ا ال و ال ء. ق ال ت ع ائ ش ة ف د خ ل ت ع ل ى ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم ف ذ ك ر ت ذ ل ك ل ه. ف ق ال ل ه ا ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم " اش ت ر يه ا ف أ ع ت ق يه ا ف إ ن م ا ال و ال ء ل م ن أ ع ت ق ". ث م ق ام ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم ف ق ال " م ا ب ال ر ج ال ي ش ت ر ط ون ش ر وط ا ل ي س ت ف ي ك ت اب للا م ن اش ت ر ط ش ر ط ا ل ي س ف ي ك ت اب للا ف ه و ب اط ل ش ر ط للا أ ح ق و أ و ث ق ". Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ narrated that Barira ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ came to seek her help writing of emancipation and she (Ummul Momineen) had to pay five Uqiya (of gold) by 2
five yearly installments. Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ said to her, do you think that if I pay the whole sum at once, your masters will sell you to me, and I will free you and your Wala' will be for me. Barira ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ went to her masters and told them about that offer. They said that they would not agree to it unless her Wala' would be for them. Ummul (صلى ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) further said, I went to Allah's Apostle (رضئ ہللا تعالی عنہا ( Aisha Momineen رضئ ہللا تعالی ( Barira told her, buy (صلى ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) and told him about it. Allah Apostle صلى ہللا عليه و آله ( Apostle and manumit her and the Wala' will be for the liberator. Allah's (عنہا then got up and said, what about those people who stipulate conditions that are not present (وسلم in Allah's commandments? If anybody stipulates a condition which is not in Allah's commandments, then what he stipulates is invalid. Allah's commandments are the truth and are more solid. CHAPTER (2) باب م ا ي ج وز م ن ش ر وط ال م ك ات ب و م ن اش ت ر ط ش ر ط ا ل ي س.ف ي ك ت اب للا ف يه اب ن ع م ر ع ن الن ب ي ص ل ى للا ع ل ي ه و س ل م What conditions are permissible for a writing of emancipation agreement and whoever stipulates conditions that are not (present) in Allah's Book (not in accordance with Allah's commandments) Sahih Bukhari, Vol 3, Bk 50, Hadith # 2 ح د ث ن ا ق ت ي ب ة ح د ث ن ا الل ي ث ع ن اب ن ش ه اب ع ن ع ر و ة أ ن ع ائ ش ة رضى ہللا عنها أ خ ب ر ت ه أ ن ب ر ير ة ج اء ت ت س ت ع ين ه ا ف ي ك ت اب ت ه ا و ل م ت ك ن ق ض ت م ن ك ت اب ت ه ا ش ي ئ ا ق ال ت ل ه ا ع ائ ش ة ار ج ع ي إ ل ى أ ه ل ك ف إ ن أ ح ب وا أ ن أ ق ض ي ع ن ك ك ت اب ت ك و ي ك ون و ال ؤك ل ي ف ع ل ت. ف ذ ك ر ت ذ ل ك ب ر ير ة أل ه ل ه ا ف أ ب و ا و ق ال وا إ ن ش اء ت أ ن ت ح ت س ب ع ل ي ك ف ل ت ف ع ل و ي ك ون و ال ؤ ك ل ن ا ف ذ ك ر ت ذ ل ك ل ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم ف ق ال ل ه ا ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم " اب ت اع ي ف أ ع ت ق ي ف إ ن م ا ال و ال ء ل م ن أ ع ت ق ". ق ال ث م ق ام ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم ف ق ال " م ا ب ال أ ن اس ي ش ت ر ط ون ش ر وط ا ل ي س ت ف ي ك ت اب للا م ن اش ت ر ط ش ر ط ا ل ي س ف ي ك ت اب للا ف ل ي س ل ه و إ ن ش ر ط.م ائ ة م ر ة ش ر ط للا أ ح ق و أ و ث ق " رضئ ہللا تعالی ( Barira told him that (رضئ ہللا تعالی عنہا) Urwa narrated that Ummul Momineen Aisha came to seek her help in her writing of emancipation (for a certain sum) and that time she (عنہا had not paid anything of it. Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ told her, go back to your masters, and if they agree that I will pay (full) amount of your writing of emancipation and get your Wala' I will do so. Barira informed her masters of that but they refused and said, if she is seeking Allah's reward, then she can do so, but your Wala' will be for us. Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ mentioned that to Allah's Apostle ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) (صلى who told her, (صلى ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) buy and manumit her, as the Wala' is for the liberator. Allah's Apostle then got up and said, what about the people who stipulate conditions which are not present in Allah's commandments? Whoever imposes conditions which are not present in Allah's 3
commandments, then those conditions will be invalid, even if he imposed these conditions a hundred times. Allah's conditions (commandments) are the truth and are more solid. Sahih Bukhari, Vol 3, Bk 50, Hadith # 3 ح د ث ن ا ع ب د للا ب ن ي وس ف أ خ ب ر ن ا م ال ك ع ن ن اف ع ع ن ع ب د للا ب ن ع م ر رضى ہللا عنهما ق ا ل أ ر اد ت ع ائ ش ة أ م ال م ؤ م ن ين أ ن ت ش ت ر ي ج ار ي ة ل ت ع ت ق ه ا ف ق ال أ ه ل ه ا ع ل ى أ ن و ال ء ه ا ل ن ا. ق ال ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم " ال ي م ن ع ك ذ ل ك ف إ ن م ا ال و ال ء ل م ن أ ع ت ق ". (رضئ ہللا تعالی عنہا) narrated that Ummul Momineen Aisha (رضئ ہللا تعالی عنہ) Abdullah bin `Umar wanted to buy a slave-girl in order to manumit her. The girl's masters stipulated that her Wala' رضئ ہللا ( Aisha told Ummul Momineen (صلى ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) would be for them. Allah's Apostle manumitter. what they stipulate should not stop you, for the Wala' is for the,(تعالی عنہا CHAPTER (3) باب اس ت ع ان ة ال م ك ات ب و س ؤ ال ه الن ا س A1-Mukatab is permitted to ask others to help him (get his liberation). Sahih Bukhari, Vol 3, Bk 50, Hadith # 4 ح د ث ن ا ع ب ي د ب ن إ س م اع يل ح د ث ن ا أ ب و أ س ام ة ع ن ه ش ام ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ع ائ ش ة رضى ہللا عنها ق ال ت ج اء ت ب ر ير ة ف ق ال ت إ ن ي ك ات ب ت أ ه ل ي ع ل ى ت س ع أ و اق ف ي ك ل ع ام و ق ي ة ف أ ع ين ين ي. ف ق ال ت ع ائ ش ة إ ن أ ح ب أ ه ل ك أ ن أ ع د ه ا ل ه م ع د ة و اح د ة و أ ع ت ق ك ف ع ل ت و ي ك ون و ال ؤ ك ل ي. ف ذ ه ب ت إ ل ى أ ه ل ه ا ف أ ب و ا ذ ل ك ع ل ي ه ا ف ق ال ت إ ن ي ق د ع ر ض ت ذ ل ك ع ل ي ه م ف أ ب و ا إ ال أ ن ي ك ون ال و ال ء ل ه م. ف س م ع ب ذ ل ك ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم ف س أ ل ن ي ف أ خ ب ر ت ه ف ق ال " خ ذ يه ا ف أ ع ت ق يه ا و اش ت ر ط ي ل ه م ال و ال ء ف إ ن م ا ال و ال ء ل م ن أ ع ت ق ". ق ال ت ع ائ ش ة ف ق ام ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم ف ي الن اس ف ح م د للا و أ ث ن ى ع ل ي ه ث م ق ال " أ م ا ب ع د ف م ا ب ال ر ج ال م ن ك م ي ش ت ر ط ون ش ر وط ا ل ي س ت ف ي ك ت اب للا ف أ ي م ا ش ر ط ل ي س ف ي ك ت اب للا ف ه و ب اط ل و إ ن ك ان م ائ ة ش ر ط ف ق ض اء للا أ ح ق و ش ر ط للا أ و ث ق م ا ب ال ر ج ال م ن ك م ي ق ول أ ح د ه م أ ع ت ق ي ا ف ال ن و ل ي ال و ال ء إ ن م ا ال و ال ء ل م ن أ ع ت ق ". Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ narrated that Barira ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ came to her and said, I have made a contract of emancipation with my masters for nine Uqiyas (of gold) to رضئ ہللا ( Aisha be paid in yearly installments. Therefore, I seek your help. Ummul Momineen said, if your masters agree, I will pay them the sum at once and free you on condition (تعالی عنہا that your Wala' will be for me. Barira went to her masters but they refused that offer. She (came back) and said, I presented to them the offer, but they refused, unless the Wala' was for them. Allah's Apostle ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) (صلى heard of that and asked me about it, and I told him about it. On that he said, buy and manumit her and stipulate that the Wala' should be for you, as Wala' is 4
صلى ( Apostle added, Allah's (رضئ ہللا تعالی عنہا) for the manumitter. Ummul Momineen Aisha then got up amongst the people, glorified and praised Allah, and said, 'then after (ہللا عليه و آله وسلم what about some people who impose conditions which are not present in Allah's,(أ م ا ب ع د ( commandments? So, any condition which is not present in Allah's commandments is invalid even if they were one-hundred conditions. Allah's commandment is the truth, and Allah's condition is stronger and more solid. Why do some men from you say, O so-and-so! manumit the slave but the Wala will be for me? Verily, the Wala is for the Manumitter. CHAPTER (4) باب ب ي ع ال م ك ات ب إ ذ ا ر ض ي The selling of a Mukatab on his agreement. و ق ال ت ع ائ ش ة ه و ع ب د م ا ب ق ي ع ل ي ه ش ي ء. و ق ال ز ي د ب ن ث اب ت م ا ب ق ي ع ل ي ه د ر ه م. و ق ال اب ن ع م ر ه و ع ب د إ ن ع ا ش و إ ن م ات و إ ن ج ن ى م ا ب ق ي ع ل ي ه ش ي ء Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ said, a Mukatab remains a slave as long as he has not paid the whole amount. Zaid bin Thabit ہللا تعالی عنہ) (رضئ said, he remains a slave even if he owed one Dirham. Ibn 'Umar ہللا تعالی عنہ) (رضئ said, he remains a slave whether living or dead, or became insane, so long as he still has to pay something (from the writing of emancipation). Sahih Bukhari, Vol 3, Bk 50, Hadith # 5 ح د ث ن ا ع ب د للا ب ن ي وس ف أ خ ب ر ن ا م ال ك ع ن ي ح ي ى ب ن س ع يد ع ن ع م ر ة ب ن ت ع ب د الر ح م ن أ ن ب ر ير ة ج اء ت ت س ت ع ين ع ائ ش ة أ م ال م ؤ م ن ين رضى ہللا عنها ف ق ال ت ل ه ا إ ن أ ح ب أ ه ل ك أ ن أ ص ب ل ه م ث م ن ك ص ب ة و اح د ة ف أ ع ت ق ك ف ع ل ت. ف ذ ك ر ت ب ر ير ة ذ ل ك أل ه ل ه ا ف ق ال وا ال. إ ال أ ن ي ك ون و ال ؤ ك ل ن ا. ق ال م ال ك ق ال ي ح ي ى ف ز ع م ت ع م ر ة أ ن ع ائ ش ة ذ ك ر ت ذ ل ك ل ر س ول للا صلى ہللا عليه وسلم ف ق ال." اش ت ر يه ا و أ ع ت ق يه ا ف إ ن م ا ال و ال ء ل م ن أ ع ت ق " Amra bint Abdur-Rahman ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ narrated that Barira ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ went to Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ to seek her help in her emancipation. Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ told her, if your masters agree, I will pay them your price in a lump sum and manumit you. Barira ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ mentioned that offer to her masters but رضئ ہللا تعالی ( Aisha they refused to sell her unless the Wala' was for them. Ummul Momineen about it. He said, buy and manumit her as the (صلى ہللا عليه و آله وسلم ( Apostle told Allah's (عنہا Wala' is for the manumitter. 5
CHAPTER (4) باب إ ذ ا ق ال ال م ك ات ب اش ت ر ن ي و أ ع ت ق ن ي ف اش ت ر اه ل ذ ل ك If a Mukatab slave asks somebody to buy and free him, it is permissible for that person to buy him. Sahih Bukhari, Vol 3, Bk 50, Hadith # 6 ح د ث ن ا أ ب و ن ع ي م ح د ث ن ا ع ب د ال و اح د ب ن أ ي م ن ق ال ح د ث ن ي أ ب ي أ ي م ن ق ال د خ ل ت ع ل ى ع ائ ش ة رضى ہللا عنها ف ق ل ت ك ن ت غ ال م ا ل ع ت ب ة ب ن أ ب ي ل ه ب و م ات و و ر ث ن ي ب ن وه و إ ن ه م ب اع ون ي م ن اب ن أ ب ي ع م ر و ف أ ع ت ق ن ي اب ن أ ب ي ع م ر و و اش ت ر ط ب ن و ع ت ب ة ال و ال ء. ف ق ال ت د خ ل ت ب ر ير ة و ه ى م ك ات ب ة ف ق ال ت اش ت ر ين ي و أ ع ت ق ين ي. ق ال ت ن ع م. ق ال ت ال ي ب يع ون ي ح ت ى ي ش ت ر ط وا و ال ئ ي. ف ق ال ت ال ح اج ة ل ي ب ذ ل ك. ف س م ع ب ذ ل ك الن ب ي صلى ہللا عليه وسلم أ و ب ل غ ه ف ذ ك ر ل ع ائ ش ة ف ذ ك ر ت ع ائ ش ة م ا ق ال ت ل ه ا ف ق ا ل " اش ت ر يه ا و أ ع ت ق يه ا و د ع يه م ي ش ت ر ط ون م ا ش اء وا ". ف اش ت ر ت ه ا ع ائ ش ة ف أ ع ت ق ت ه ا و اش ت ر ط أ ه ل ه ا ال و ال ء ف ق ال الن ب ي صلى ہللا عليه وسلم " ال و ال ء ل م ن أ ع ت ق و إ ن اش ت ر ط وا م ائ ة ش ر ط ". Abdul Wahid bin Aiman ہللا تعالی عنہ) (رضئ narrated that I went to Ummul Momineen Aisha and said, I was the slave of Utba bin Abu Lahab. When Utba died his sons (رضئ ہللا تعالی عنہا) became my masters who sold me to Ibn Abu Amr who manumitted me. The sons of Utba stipulated that my Wala' should be for them. Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ told, Barira ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ came to me and she was given the writing of emancipation by her masters and she asked me to buy and manumit her. I agreed to it, but Barira told me that her رضئ ہللا ( Aisha masters would not sell her unless her Wala' was for them. Ummul Momineen heard that, or (صلى ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) said, I am not in need of that. When the Prophet (تعالی عنہا he was told about it, he asked Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ about it. Ummul Momineen Aisha ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ mentioned what Barira ہللا تعالی عنہا) (رضئ had told her. The Prophet ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) (صلى said, buy and manumit her and let them stipulate whatever they like. So, Ummul Momineen Aisha bought and manumitted her and her masters stipulated that her Wala should be for them. The Prophet ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) (صلى said, the Wala' will be for the liberator even if they stipulated a hundred conditions. 6